Tuesday, May 12, 2020

CONSTRUCTION INSPECTION OF RETAINING WALLS


 In general, the construction inspection requirements for retaining walls are similar to those for other concrete structures.  In some cases, state agencies may have inspector checklists for this type of construction.  Here below is a summary of typical construction inspection requirements for retaining walls.
CONTRACTOR SET UP
1.     Review plans and specifications
2.     Review the contractor’s schedule
3.     Review test results and certifications for preapproved materials, e.g., cement, coarse and fine aggregate.
4.     Confirm that the contractor’s stockpile and staging area are consistent with locations shown on the plans
5.     Discuss anticipated ground conditions and potential problems with the contractor
6.     Review the contractor’s survey results against the plans
EXCAVATION
1.     Verify that excavation slopes and/or structural excavation support is consistent with the plans
2.     Confirm that limits of any required excavations are within right-of-way limits shown on plans
3.     Confirm that all unsuitable materials, e.g., sod, snow, frost, topsoil, soft/muddy soil are removed to the limits and depths shown on the plans and that the excavation is backfilled with granular material and properly compacted
4.     Confirm that leveling and proof-rolling of the foundation area is consistent with requirements of the specifications
5.     Confirm that the contractor’s excavation operations do not result in significant water ponding
6.     Confirm that existing drainage features, utilities, and other features are protected
7.     Identify areas not shown on the plans where unsuitable material exists and notify the engineer
 FOOTING
1.     Approve condition of footing foundation soil/rock before concrete is poured
2.     Confirm reinforcement strength, size, and type consistent with the specifications
3.     Confirm the consistency of the contractor’s outline of the footing (footing size and bottom of footing depth) with the plans
4.     Confirm the location and spacing of reinforcing steel consistent with the plans
5.     Confirm water/cement ratio and concrete mix design consistent with the specifications
6.     Record concrete volumes poured for the footing
7.     Confirm appropriate concrete curing times and methods as provided in the specifications
8.     Confirm that concrete is not placed on ice, snow, or otherwise unsuitable ground
9.     Confirm that concrete is being placed in continuous horizontal layers and that the time
10. between successive layers is consistent with the specifications
STEM
1.     Confirm the placement of weep hole inserts (number, elevation, and specific locations) with the plans if weep holes are used,
2.     Confirm that concrete is poured in section lengths consistent with the specifications
3.     Record concrete volumes used to form the stem
4.     Confirm that all wall face depressions, air pockets, gaps, rough spots, etc. are repaired
5.     Confirm that storage of reinforcing bars is consistent with the specifications, e.g.-use of platform or supports.
6.     Perform preliminary check of condition of epoxy-coated reinforcing bars
7.     Confirm that forms are clean and appropriately braced during concrete pour operations
8.     Confirm that all reinforcing bars are held securely in place and are being rigidly supported at the face of forms and in the bottom of wall footings
9.     Confirm that construction joints are being made only at locations shown on the plans or otherwise at locations approved by the engineer
DRAINAGE SYSTEMS AND BACKFILL
1.     Confirm that installation of the drainage system is consistent with the specifications and plans
2.     Confirm that the backfill material being used is approved by the engineer
3.     Confirm that placement of the backfill is performed in lifts consistent with the specifications
4.     Confirm that minimum concrete strength is achieved before backfill is placed and compacted against back of wall
5.     Confirm that the backfill placement method used by the contractor does not cause damage to drainage material or drain pipes
6.     Confirm that earth cover over drainage pipes is sufficient to prevent damage from heavy equipment.  The minimum cover based on ground pressure from equipment should be provided in the specifications.
7.     Perform required backfill density tests at the frequencies specified, especially for areas that are compacted with lightweight equipment, e.g., areas just behind the wall.
8.     Check that the drainage backfill just behind weep holes is the correct gradation and that it is properly installed
POST INSTALLATION
Verify pay quantities
Note: Throughout the project, check submittals for completeness before transmitting them to the engineer.

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